Module 1
Properties of fluids: Definition and Units, Mass density, specific weight, surface tension, capillarity, Viscosity – Classification of fluids – Ideal and real fluids, Newtonian and non – Newtonian fluids.
Fluid pressure – Atmospheric, Absolute, gauge and Vaccum Pressure, Measurement of Pressure – Piezometer, manometer, Bourden Gauge.
Properties of fluids: Definition and Units, Mass density, specific weight, surface tension, capillarity, Viscosity – Classification of fluids – Ideal and real fluids, Newtonian and non – Newtonian fluids.
Fluid pressure – Atmospheric, Absolute, gauge and Vaccum Pressure, Measurement of Pressure – Piezometer, manometer, Bourden Gauge.
Total pressure and centre of pressure on a submerged lamina. Pressure on a submerged curved surface – pressure on lock gates, Pressure on gravity dams.
Module 2
Buoyancy – Centre of buoyancy – Metacentre – Stability of floating bodies – Determination of metacentric height – Analytical & experimental methods.
Types of flow – Streamline, Path line and Streak line, Velocity Potential, Stream Function, Circulation and Vorticity, Laplace’s Differential equation in rectangular co-ordinates for two dimensional irrotational flow.
Flow Net – Orthogonality of stream lines and equipotential lines.
Stream tube – continuity equation for one dimensional flow.
Buoyancy – Centre of buoyancy – Metacentre – Stability of floating bodies – Determination of metacentric height – Analytical & experimental methods.
Types of flow – Streamline, Path line and Streak line, Velocity Potential, Stream Function, Circulation and Vorticity, Laplace’s Differential equation in rectangular co-ordinates for two dimensional irrotational flow.
Flow Net – Orthogonality of stream lines and equipotential lines.
Stream tube – continuity equation for one dimensional flow.
Module 3
Forces influencing motion – Energy of fluids, Euler’s equation, statement and derivation of Bernoulli’s equation and assumptions made.
Applications of Bernoulli’s equation – Venturi meter, Orifice meter, Pitot tube
Orifices and Mouth Pieces – Coefficients of Contraction, Velocity and Discharge, External and internal mouthpiece.
Notches and weirs – Rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal notches, Cippoletti weir, submerged weir, broad crested weir.
Forces influencing motion – Energy of fluids, Euler’s equation, statement and derivation of Bernoulli’s equation and assumptions made.
Applications of Bernoulli’s equation – Venturi meter, Orifice meter, Pitot tube
Orifices and Mouth Pieces – Coefficients of Contraction, Velocity and Discharge, External and internal mouthpiece.
Notches and weirs – Rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal notches, Cippoletti weir, submerged weir, broad crested weir.
Module 4
Flow through pipes: Laminar and Turbulent flow – Reynold’s experiment, loss of head due to friction, Darcy – Weishbach Equation, Other energy losses in pipes.
Hydraulic Gradient and Total Energy Lines: Flow through long pipes – Pipes in series and parallel, Siphon, Transmission of power through pipes –nozzle diameter for maximum power transmission.
Laminar Flow in circular pipes: Hagen poiseuille Equation, Laminar flow through porous media, Stoke’s law.
Turbulent flow through pipes: Hydro-dynamically smooth and rough boundary, Velocity distribution for turbulent flow.
Drag and lift for immersed bodies.
Flow through pipes: Laminar and Turbulent flow – Reynold’s experiment, loss of head due to friction, Darcy – Weishbach Equation, Other energy losses in pipes.
Hydraulic Gradient and Total Energy Lines: Flow through long pipes – Pipes in series and parallel, Siphon, Transmission of power through pipes –nozzle diameter for maximum power transmission.
Laminar Flow in circular pipes: Hagen poiseuille Equation, Laminar flow through porous media, Stoke’s law.
Turbulent flow through pipes: Hydro-dynamically smooth and rough boundary, Velocity distribution for turbulent flow.
Drag and lift for immersed bodies.
Module 5
Dimensional Analysis and Model studies: Units and dimensions of physical quantities, Dimensional Homogeneity of formulae and it’s application to common fluid flow problems, Dimensional Analysis-Rayleigh’s method, Buckingham’s method. Derivations of dimensionless parameters, Froude’s, Reynold’s, Webber, Mach numbers.
Hydraulic Models: Need, Hydraulic Similitude, geometric, Kinematic, Dynamic Similarity, Scale ratios of various physical quantities for Froude’s and Reynold’s model laws – problems, Selection of scale of models – Distorted models, Moving Bed models, Scale effects in models, Spillway models and Ship models.
Dimensional Analysis and Model studies: Units and dimensions of physical quantities, Dimensional Homogeneity of formulae and it’s application to common fluid flow problems, Dimensional Analysis-Rayleigh’s method, Buckingham’s method. Derivations of dimensionless parameters, Froude’s, Reynold’s, Webber, Mach numbers.
Hydraulic Models: Need, Hydraulic Similitude, geometric, Kinematic, Dynamic Similarity, Scale ratios of various physical quantities for Froude’s and Reynold’s model laws – problems, Selection of scale of models – Distorted models, Moving Bed models, Scale effects in models, Spillway models and Ship models.
References
1. Streeter V. L., Fluid Mechanics, Mc Graw Hill, International Students Edition.
2. Dr. P. N. Modi & Dr. S. M. Seth, Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Standard Book House Delhi.
3. Jagdishlal, Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics, Metropolitan Book Co., Delhi.
4. R. J. Garde and A. G. Mirajoaker, Engineering Fluid Mechanics, Nem Chand & Bross., RoorKee.
2. Dr. P. N. Modi & Dr. S. M. Seth, Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, Standard Book House Delhi.
3. Jagdishlal, Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics, Metropolitan Book Co., Delhi.
4. R. J. Garde and A. G. Mirajoaker, Engineering Fluid Mechanics, Nem Chand & Bross., RoorKee.
mg university b.tech syllabus s3 civil engg