Module 1
Introduction – Principles – classifications – Chain surveying: Ranging and chaining. Reciprocal ranging – over-coming obstacles –setting perpendicular and gradients – traversing – plotting – errors in chaining and their corrections.
Compass surveying – Prismatic compass – surveyor’s compass – bearings – systems and conversions – local attraction – Magnetic declination – dip – traversing – plotting – adjustment of error by graphical and analytical method (Bowditch’s). Plane table surveying – Different methods – Traversing.
Introduction – Principles – classifications – Chain surveying: Ranging and chaining. Reciprocal ranging – over-coming obstacles –setting perpendicular and gradients – traversing – plotting – errors in chaining and their corrections.
Compass surveying – Prismatic compass – surveyor’s compass – bearings – systems and conversions – local attraction – Magnetic declination – dip – traversing – plotting – adjustment of error by graphical and analytical method (Bowditch’s). Plane table surveying – Different methods – Traversing.
Module 2
Levelling: levels and staves – spirit level – sensitiveness – bench marks – temporary and permanent adjustments –booking – methods of reduction of levels – arithmetic checks-differential, fly, check and profile levelling cross sectioning – curvature and refraction – reciprocal levelling – errors in levelling – contouring – characteristics and uses of contours – Locating contours- plotting.
Levelling: levels and staves – spirit level – sensitiveness – bench marks – temporary and permanent adjustments –booking – methods of reduction of levels – arithmetic checks-differential, fly, check and profile levelling cross sectioning – curvature and refraction – reciprocal levelling – errors in levelling – contouring – characteristics and uses of contours – Locating contours- plotting.
Module 3
Theodolite traversing: Transit theodolite – vernier, micrometer and micro-optic theodolites – description and uses – fundamental lines of a transit theodolite – temporary and permanenet adjustments – horizontal angle – reiteration and repetition methods– booking. Vertical angle measurements. Methods of traversing – conditions of closure – closing error and distribution – Gales traverse table – plotting by co-ordinates – omitted measurements.
Tacheometric surveying: – general principles Stadia method – distance and elevation formulae for staff held vertical – Instruments constants – analytic lens – tangential method – use of subtense bar – electromagnetic distance measurement – principles
Theodolite traversing: Transit theodolite – vernier, micrometer and micro-optic theodolites – description and uses – fundamental lines of a transit theodolite – temporary and permanenet adjustments – horizontal angle – reiteration and repetition methods– booking. Vertical angle measurements. Methods of traversing – conditions of closure – closing error and distribution – Gales traverse table – plotting by co-ordinates – omitted measurements.
Tacheometric surveying: – general principles Stadia method – distance and elevation formulae for staff held vertical – Instruments constants – analytic lens – tangential method – use of subtense bar – electromagnetic distance measurement – principles
Module 4
Areas and volumes Areas – by latitude and departure – meridian distance method – double meridian distance method – co-ordinate method – trapezoidal and Simpson’s method – area by planimeter. Volume – trapezoidal and prismoidal rule. Volume from contours. – Capacity of reservoirs – Mass haul curve.
Module 5
Curves: Elements of a simple curve – setting out simple curve by chain and tape methods – Rankine’s method – two theodolite method – compound and reverse curve (parallel tangents only) – transition curves – different kinds – functions and requirements – setting out the combined curve by theodolite – elements of vertical curve.
References
1. Dr. B. C. Punmia, Surveying Vol. I & II, Laxmi Publications (P) LTD, New Delhi.
2. T.P. Kanetkar & Kulkarni, Surveying and leveling Vol. I&II A.V.G.Publications, Pune.
3. Dr. K. R. Arora, Surveying Vol. I, Standard Book House New Delhi.
4. C. Venkatramaiah, Text Book of Surveying, Universities Press (India) LTD. Hyderabad.
5. S.K.Roy, Fundamental of Surveying, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
6. S.K. Hussain & M.S. Nagaraj, Surveying, S.Chand & Company Limited.
B.N.Basak – Surveying.
Alak De, Plane Surveying, S.Chand &Co.
Areas and volumes Areas – by latitude and departure – meridian distance method – double meridian distance method – co-ordinate method – trapezoidal and Simpson’s method – area by planimeter. Volume – trapezoidal and prismoidal rule. Volume from contours. – Capacity of reservoirs – Mass haul curve.
Module 5
Curves: Elements of a simple curve – setting out simple curve by chain and tape methods – Rankine’s method – two theodolite method – compound and reverse curve (parallel tangents only) – transition curves – different kinds – functions and requirements – setting out the combined curve by theodolite – elements of vertical curve.
References
1. Dr. B. C. Punmia, Surveying Vol. I & II, Laxmi Publications (P) LTD, New Delhi.
2. T.P. Kanetkar & Kulkarni, Surveying and leveling Vol. I&II A.V.G.Publications, Pune.
3. Dr. K. R. Arora, Surveying Vol. I, Standard Book House New Delhi.
4. C. Venkatramaiah, Text Book of Surveying, Universities Press (India) LTD. Hyderabad.
5. S.K.Roy, Fundamental of Surveying, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
6. S.K. Hussain & M.S. Nagaraj, Surveying, S.Chand & Company Limited.
B.N.Basak – Surveying.
Alak De, Plane Surveying, S.Chand &Co.
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