Module 1
Introduction: Various branches of geology – Relevance of Geology in Engineering. Geologic time scale.
Physical Geology: Geomorphic processes-Rock weathering-Formation of soils-soil profiles-soils of India – Geologic work and engineering significance of rivers and oceans.
Introduction: Various branches of geology – Relevance of Geology in Engineering. Geologic time scale.
Physical Geology: Geomorphic processes-Rock weathering-Formation of soils-soil profiles-soils of India – Geologic work and engineering significance of rivers and oceans.
Module 2
Dynamic Geology: Interior constitution of the earth-Various methods to study the interior-crust, mantle, core-lithosphere-asthenosphere-major discontinuities-Moho, Guttenberg, Lehmann- composition of different layers-sima & sial.
Plate tectonics: Lithospheric plates-diverging, converging and transform boundaries-their characteristic features-midoceanic ridge, benioff zone and transform faults-significance of plate tectonic concept.
Earthquake: Elastic rebound theory-types of seismic waves-cause of earthquake-intensity and magnitude of earthquake-Locating epicentre and hypocenter-effect of earthquake-distribution of earthquake-earthquake resistant structures.
Dynamic Geology: Interior constitution of the earth-Various methods to study the interior-crust, mantle, core-lithosphere-asthenosphere-major discontinuities-Moho, Guttenberg, Lehmann- composition of different layers-sima & sial.
Plate tectonics: Lithospheric plates-diverging, converging and transform boundaries-their characteristic features-midoceanic ridge, benioff zone and transform faults-significance of plate tectonic concept.
Earthquake: Elastic rebound theory-types of seismic waves-cause of earthquake-intensity and magnitude of earthquake-Locating epicentre and hypocenter-effect of earthquake-distribution of earthquake-earthquake resistant structures.
Module 3
Mineralogy: Definition and classification-important physical properties of minerals-colour, streak, lusture, transperancy, cleavage, fracture, hardness, form, specific gravity and magnetism. Study of the diagnostic physical properties and chemical composition of the following rock forming minerals: 1.Quartz, 2.Feldspar, 3.Hypersthene, 4.Auguite, 5. Hornblende, 6. Biotite, 7.Muscovite, 8.Olivine, 9.Garnet, 10.Fluorite, 11.Tourmaline, 12.Calcite, 13.Kyanite, 14. Kaolin, 15. Serpentine.
Petrology: Definition and classification-important structures and textures of igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rocks-diagnostic texture, mineralogy, engineering properties and uses of following rocks:
Igneous rocks: 1. Granite, 2. Syenite, 3. Diorite, 4. Gabbro, 5. Peridotite, 6.Dolerite, 7.Basalt 8.Pegmatite.
Sedimentary rocks: 1. Conglomerate, 2. Breccia, 3. Sandstone, 4. Limestone, 5. shale.Metamorphic rocks: 1. Gneiss, 2. Schist, 3. Slate, 4. Marble, 5. Quartzite, 6. Mylonite, 7. Pseudotachyllite.
Special Indian rock types: 1. Charnockite, 2. Khondalite, 3. Laterite.
Mineralogy: Definition and classification-important physical properties of minerals-colour, streak, lusture, transperancy, cleavage, fracture, hardness, form, specific gravity and magnetism. Study of the diagnostic physical properties and chemical composition of the following rock forming minerals: 1.Quartz, 2.Feldspar, 3.Hypersthene, 4.Auguite, 5. Hornblende, 6. Biotite, 7.Muscovite, 8.Olivine, 9.Garnet, 10.Fluorite, 11.Tourmaline, 12.Calcite, 13.Kyanite, 14. Kaolin, 15. Serpentine.
Petrology: Definition and classification-important structures and textures of igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rocks-diagnostic texture, mineralogy, engineering properties and uses of following rocks:
Igneous rocks: 1. Granite, 2. Syenite, 3. Diorite, 4. Gabbro, 5. Peridotite, 6.Dolerite, 7.Basalt 8.Pegmatite.
Sedimentary rocks: 1. Conglomerate, 2. Breccia, 3. Sandstone, 4. Limestone, 5. shale.Metamorphic rocks: 1. Gneiss, 2. Schist, 3. Slate, 4. Marble, 5. Quartzite, 6. Mylonite, 7. Pseudotachyllite.
Special Indian rock types: 1. Charnockite, 2. Khondalite, 3. Laterite.
Module 4
Structural Geology: Definition-outcrop-stratification-dip and strike. Folds-definition- parts of fold-classification-recognition of folds in the field- Faults-definition-parts of a fault-classification-recognition in the field-effects of faulting and subsequent erosion on outcrops. Joints-definition-classification. Unconformites-definition-classification recognition in the field. Effects of all the above described structures in the major engineering projects like reservoirs, dams, tunnels and other important structures.
Structural Geology: Definition-outcrop-stratification-dip and strike. Folds-definition- parts of fold-classification-recognition of folds in the field- Faults-definition-parts of a fault-classification-recognition in the field-effects of faulting and subsequent erosion on outcrops. Joints-definition-classification. Unconformites-definition-classification recognition in the field. Effects of all the above described structures in the major engineering projects like reservoirs, dams, tunnels and other important structures.
Module 5
Engineering Geology: Mass movement of earth materials-Landslides-definition, classification, causes of land slides and their corrections-Geological considerations in the selection of sites for reservoirs and dams. Geological considerations in Tunnel constructions and mountain roads-rocks as building materials.
Hydrogeology: Groundwater table-abundance and advantages-aquifer-acquiclude-acquifuge-artesian conditions and artesian wells-cone of depression–perched water table.
Recommended field work: Field trip to quarries or geologically significant places to learn – in site character of rocks in quarries/outcrops-measuring strike and dip of a formation-tracing of outcrops.
Engineering Geology: Mass movement of earth materials-Landslides-definition, classification, causes of land slides and their corrections-Geological considerations in the selection of sites for reservoirs and dams. Geological considerations in Tunnel constructions and mountain roads-rocks as building materials.
Hydrogeology: Groundwater table-abundance and advantages-aquifer-acquiclude-acquifuge-artesian conditions and artesian wells-cone of depression–perched water table.
Recommended field work: Field trip to quarries or geologically significant places to learn – in site character of rocks in quarries/outcrops-measuring strike and dip of a formation-tracing of outcrops.
References
Arthur Holmes, Physical geology, Thomas Nelson.
Parbin Singh, Engineering & general geology, K.Katria & sons, New Delhi.
HH.Read, Rutleys elements of mineralogy, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London.
G.W.Tyrell, Principles of petrology, B.I. Publications, Bombay.
M.P.Billings, Strucutural geology, Aisa publishing house, New Delhi.
Krynine&Judd, Engineering geology & geotechniques, Tata McGraw hill, New Delhi.
David Keith Todd, Groundwater hydrology, John Wiley & sons, New York.
Parbin Singh, Engineering & general geology, K.Katria & sons, New Delhi.
HH.Read, Rutleys elements of mineralogy, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London.
G.W.Tyrell, Principles of petrology, B.I. Publications, Bombay.
M.P.Billings, Strucutural geology, Aisa publishing house, New Delhi.
Krynine&Judd, Engineering geology & geotechniques, Tata McGraw hill, New Delhi.
David Keith Todd, Groundwater hydrology, John Wiley & sons, New York.