Module 1
Plate tectonics: Plate tectonics and drift of continents-Pangaea and drift of Indian plate-formation of Himalayas-Tectonic frame work of South India -Tectonic movements-their significance-methods of detecting tectonic movements – radar interferometry & global positioning system.
Earthquake: Earthquakes in relation to plate tectonics-global seismic belts -seismic zones of Inida-seismicity of South India-earthquakes in Kerala -earthquake resistant structures-prediction of earthquake-defusing earthquake-Reservoir induced seismicity.
Plate tectonics: Plate tectonics and drift of continents-Pangaea and drift of Indian plate-formation of Himalayas-Tectonic frame work of South India -Tectonic movements-their significance-methods of detecting tectonic movements – radar interferometry & global positioning system.
Earthquake: Earthquakes in relation to plate tectonics-global seismic belts -seismic zones of Inida-seismicity of South India-earthquakes in Kerala -earthquake resistant structures-prediction of earthquake-defusing earthquake-Reservoir induced seismicity.
Module 2
Structural geology: Clinometer & Brunton compass-Measuring of strike and dip using clinometer/Brunton compass-Basic idea of toposheets-Lineaments-definition-singificance-techniques of identifying lineaments-major lineaments in South India and Kerala.
Remote sensing: Basic concepts-electromagnetic radiation, spectral windows, spectral signatures, sensors, false colour images, geocoded images. Remotesensing satellites-Landsat.
Aerial photography: Basic concepts-stereopairs, stereoscopic vision, stereoscope-Limitations of aerial photography.
Applications: Interpretation of imageries (brief description only). Application of satellite imageries and aerial photographs in geological and hydrogeological studies.
Structural geology: Clinometer & Brunton compass-Measuring of strike and dip using clinometer/Brunton compass-Basic idea of toposheets-Lineaments-definition-singificance-techniques of identifying lineaments-major lineaments in South India and Kerala.
Remote sensing: Basic concepts-electromagnetic radiation, spectral windows, spectral signatures, sensors, false colour images, geocoded images. Remotesensing satellites-Landsat.
Aerial photography: Basic concepts-stereopairs, stereoscopic vision, stereoscope-Limitations of aerial photography.
Applications: Interpretation of imageries (brief description only). Application of satellite imageries and aerial photographs in geological and hydrogeological studies.
Module 3
Hydrogeology – General: Groundwater-importance and availability-Aquifers-confined and unconfined-Artesian wells-Geologic formations as aquifer-laterite-sandy layers-weathered rock-fractured crystalline rock- their distribution in Kerala-Structures used for tapping groundwater-Open well, Bore well, Tube well & Filterpoint well (construction techniques not expected). Saline water intrusion.
Hydrogeology – General: Groundwater-importance and availability-Aquifers-confined and unconfined-Artesian wells-Geologic formations as aquifer-laterite-sandy layers-weathered rock-fractured crystalline rock- their distribution in Kerala-Structures used for tapping groundwater-Open well, Bore well, Tube well & Filterpoint well (construction techniques not expected). Saline water intrusion.
Module 4
Hydrolgeology – Groundwater exploration techniques: Hydrogeological, geophysical & geobotanical methods-Geophysical method-resistivity survey-Wenner and Schlumberger configurations-interpretation of resistivity curve-curve matching technique.
Groundwater recharge: Natural & artificial. Structures used for artificial recharge-checkdams, subsurface dams, open well & bore well. Selection of site for subsurface dams-salient features.
Hydrolgeology – Groundwater exploration techniques: Hydrogeological, geophysical & geobotanical methods-Geophysical method-resistivity survey-Wenner and Schlumberger configurations-interpretation of resistivity curve-curve matching technique.
Groundwater recharge: Natural & artificial. Structures used for artificial recharge-checkdams, subsurface dams, open well & bore well. Selection of site for subsurface dams-salient features.
Module 5
Practical Work: Identification of important rock forming minerals: 1.Quartz, 2.Feldspar, 3.Hypersthene, 4.Auguite, 5. Hornblende, 6. Biotite, 7.Muscovite, 8.Olivine, 9.Garnet, 10.Fluorite, 11.Tourmaline, 12.Calcite, 13.Kyanite, 14. Kaolin, 15. Serpentine. Identification of common rock types: Igneous rocks: 1. Granite, 2. Syenite, 3. Diorite, 4. Gabbro, 5. Peridotite, 6.Dolerite, 7.Basalt, 8.Pegmatite.Sedimentary rocks: 1.Conglomerate, 2.Breccia, 3.Sandstone, 4.Limestone, 5.shale.Metamorphic rocks: 1. Gneiss, 2. Schist, 3. Slate, 4. Marble, 5. Quartzite, 6. Augen gneiss, 8. Mylonite, 9. Pseudotachyllite.
Special Indian rock types: 1. Charnockite, 2. Khondalite, 3. Laterite.
Recommended Field work: Field trips to learn identification of faults/lineaments in the field and groundwater exploration techniques.
Practical Work: Identification of important rock forming minerals: 1.Quartz, 2.Feldspar, 3.Hypersthene, 4.Auguite, 5. Hornblende, 6. Biotite, 7.Muscovite, 8.Olivine, 9.Garnet, 10.Fluorite, 11.Tourmaline, 12.Calcite, 13.Kyanite, 14. Kaolin, 15. Serpentine. Identification of common rock types: Igneous rocks: 1. Granite, 2. Syenite, 3. Diorite, 4. Gabbro, 5. Peridotite, 6.Dolerite, 7.Basalt, 8.Pegmatite.Sedimentary rocks: 1.Conglomerate, 2.Breccia, 3.Sandstone, 4.Limestone, 5.shale.Metamorphic rocks: 1. Gneiss, 2. Schist, 3. Slate, 4. Marble, 5. Quartzite, 6. Augen gneiss, 8. Mylonite, 9. Pseudotachyllite.
Special Indian rock types: 1. Charnockite, 2. Khondalite, 3. Laterite.
Recommended Field work: Field trips to learn identification of faults/lineaments in the field and groundwater exploration techniques.
References
Arthur Holmes, Physical geology, Thomas Nelson.
2. Arthur D. Howard, Geology in environmental planning, McGraw Hills, New Delhi.
M.P.Billings, Strucutural geology, Asia Publishing house, New Delhi.
N.W. Gokhale, A manual of problems in structural geology, CBS Publishers & distributors, New Delhi.
Thomas M. Lillesand & Raiph W. Kiefer, Remotesensing and image interpretation, John Wiley Sons, New York.
K.K.Rampal, Text book of photogrametry, Oxford & IBH Publishing company, New Delhi.
David Keith Todd, Groundwater hydrology, John Wiley & sons, New York.
H.M. Regunath, Groundwater, Willey Eeastern Ltd.
HH.Read, Rutleys elements of mineralogy, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London.
G.W.Tyrell, Principles of petrology, B.I. Publications, Bombay.
E.G. Ehler & H. Blatt, Petrology-igneous, sedimentary & metamorphic, CBS Publishers & distributors, Delhi.
2. Arthur D. Howard, Geology in environmental planning, McGraw Hills, New Delhi.
M.P.Billings, Strucutural geology, Asia Publishing house, New Delhi.
N.W. Gokhale, A manual of problems in structural geology, CBS Publishers & distributors, New Delhi.
Thomas M. Lillesand & Raiph W. Kiefer, Remotesensing and image interpretation, John Wiley Sons, New York.
K.K.Rampal, Text book of photogrametry, Oxford & IBH Publishing company, New Delhi.
David Keith Todd, Groundwater hydrology, John Wiley & sons, New York.
H.M. Regunath, Groundwater, Willey Eeastern Ltd.
HH.Read, Rutleys elements of mineralogy, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London.
G.W.Tyrell, Principles of petrology, B.I. Publications, Bombay.
E.G. Ehler & H. Blatt, Petrology-igneous, sedimentary & metamorphic, CBS Publishers & distributors, Delhi.